There were numerous calls for help from the Holy Land in addition to the first letter from Alexius I of the Byzantine Empire. Later came the works of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, who preached the Second Crusade (1147–49), and Pope Innocent III, who preached the Fourth Crusade (1202–04), among others. Of course, Urban II was only one of many church leaders to call for Crusades. His speech at the Council of Clermont in 1095 was particularly influential in gaining public support for a holy war of Christianity against Islam known as the First Crusade (1095–99). Urban II also told of atrocities, or cruel acts, supposedly committed against the Christians of the Holy Land by the Muslims. This was a strong encouragement to the knights of Europe. In return for going on such a Crusade, the soldiers of Christ would be forgiven their past sins. Pope Urban II then spoke forcefully to church leaders and to the nobles of Europe on several occasions, in favor of a holy war to the Middle East. The emperor of the Byzantine Empire in the late eleventh century, Alexius I, wrote to the pope in Rome asking for help against the threat of a new Muslim power in Asia Minor, the Seljuk Turks. It is important to remember that the Crusades got their start by the written and spoken word. Originally written by Aymeric, Patriarch of Antioch Reprinted in "Letters of the Crusaders," from Translations and Reprints from the Original Sources of European History Edited by Dana C. Thatcher and Edgar Holmes McNeal Published in 1905Įxcerpt from "The Decline of Christian Power in the Holy Land, 1164: Letter from Aymeric, Patriarch of Antioch to Louis VII of France" (1164) Speech given by Pope Urban II Reprinted in Source Book for Medieval History Edited by Oliver J. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by Melissa Petruzzello.Excerpt from " Urban II: Speech at the Council of Clermont 1095." Then, in a great outdoor assembly, the pope, a Frenchman, addressed a large crowd, closing his speech with the words “God wills it,” which became a battle cry of the Crusaders. Much important ecclesiastical business was transacted, which resulted in a series of canons, among them one that renewed the Peace of God and another that granted a plenary indulgence (the remission of all penance for sin) to those who undertook to aid Christians in the East. As a result of a request by envoys from the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus to aid the Greeks against the Muslim Turks, Urban II exhorted the French knights at Clermont to rescue the Holy Land from the Turks. The Council was attended largely by bishops of southern France as well as a few representatives from northern France and elsewhere. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!Ĭouncil of Clermont, an assembly for church reform called by Pope Urban IIon November 18, 1095, which became the occasion for initiating the First Crusade.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century. Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.
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